The effects of facial cooling on physiological and perceptual responses during a simulated èpèe fencing competition: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of facial cooling on physiological and perceptual responses during a simulated fencing competition. METHODS: Using a randomised, crossover design; six competitive male fencers completed two trials of seven simulated fencing matches. Each match consisted of 22 x 10 s bouts of high-intensity fencing movements. Static rest (12 s) separated each bout, with 60 s rest after bouts seven and 14, during which, in the experimental condition, participants were sprayed with a facial water mist and fanned. RESULTS: Relative to control, facial cooling reduced tympanic temperature (mean difference (MD): 0.2 ± 0.03°C; 95% likely range (CL95): 0.13 - 0.3°C), heart rate (MD: 12 ± 3 b·min-1; CL95: 5 - 20 b·min-1), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for the dominant arm (MD: 2 ± 0; CL95: 1 - 3), legs (MD: 2 ± 0; CL95: 1 - 3), and total exertion (MD: 2 ± 0; CL95: 1 - 3). Moreover, the benefits of facial cooling on RPE of the dominant arm and legs were magnified as the competition progressed. Facial cooling also improved ratings of perceived thermal comfort and perceived thermal strain. CONCLUSIONS: While the performance benefits of the intervention require exploration, facial misting positively affects both physiological and perceptual responses during fencing.