The role of verbal instruction and visual guidance in training pattern recognition

We used a novel approach to examine whether it is possible to improve the perceptual-cognitive skill of pattern recognition using a video-based training intervention. Moreover, we investigated whether any improvements in pattern recognition transfer to an improved ability to make anticipation judgements. Finally, we compared the relative effectiveness of verbal and visual guidance interventions compared to a group that merely viewed the same sequences without any intervention and a control group that only completed pre and post-tests. We found a significant effect for time of testing. Participants were more sensitive in their ability to perceive patterns and distinguish between novel and familiar sequences at post compared to pre-test. However, this improvement was not influenced by the nature of the intervention, despite some strong trends in the data. An analysis of anticipation accuracy showed no change from pre to post-test following the pattern recognition training intervention, suggesting that the link between pattern perception and anticipation may be weak. We present a series of recommendations for scientists and practitioners when employing training methods to improve pattern recognition and anticipation.