The CJEU's Google Android Auto Judgment and the Evolution of Refusal to Supply Doctrine

This case note examines these developments, fo- cusing on the Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM) initial findings and fine against Google, followed by the CJEU's landmark February 2025 judgment that provides critical guidance on re- fusals to supply in digital contexts. The analysis unpacks key elements of both rulings, examining their implications for dominant platforms, app develop- ers, and competition enforcement in the digital sector.